\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{upquote}
\usepackage{pygmentex}

\title{\LaTeX\ Cheatsheet}
\author{Ashfaqur Rahman}
\date{May 12, 2018}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\newpage

A latex cheatsheet.

\section{Characters and Commands}

\subsection{Latex special characters}

$ % & # _ { } \verb=\ ~ ^= are special characters and has special meaning to latex.
You can use a leading \textbackslash\ to use them. To print $, write \textbackslash$

\subsection{Latex commands}

Each latex command starts with a \textbackslash and contains only letters.
Example: \verb=\maketitle=, \verb=\tableofcontents= etc.\ Parameters to
a command are specified inside {} and optional parameters are specified
inside [ ]. For example \verb=\documentclass[10pt]{article}=.

\section{Writing}

\subsection{Modes in \LaTeX}

\begin{description}
\item[Paragraph mode] Normal mode
\item[Math Mode] For mathematical equation. Text inside \verb=(…)= or \verb=$…$= or \verb=$$…$$= or \verb=\begin{equation}…\end{equation}= or \verb=\begin{displaymath}…\end{displaymath}=
\item[Left to right mode] Text are displayed from left to right without line breaks. text inside \verb=\mbox{}=
\end{description}

\subsection{Creating a New Paragraph}

A blank line creates a new paragraph.

\subsection{Spaces}

\subsubsection{Inserting Spaces}

\verb=,= is used for inserting a space.

\subsubsection{Space after a period}

Latex assumes end of sentence if it found period after small case later. In that case it puts extra space after period. But for the cases like ``etc.’’ a space followed by \verb== should be used after period like \verb=etc.\ =. A space followed by \verb== means inter word space.

If ending of a sentence contains a uppercase letter to end the sentence use \verb=@= before period.

\subsubsection{Space after a latex command}

All spaces are ignored after a latext command like \verb=\LaTeX= command. To make a space after \LaTeX\ a space followed by \verb== should be used like \verb=\LaTeX\ =. Another way to do this is
to use empty {} after a command like \verb=\LaTeX{}=.

\subsection{Dashes}

\begin{itemize}
\item\verb=-= A intra-word dash or hyphene. Example: X-ray.
\item\verb=–= A number range dash. Example: 1–10
\item\verb=—= A punctuation dash. Example: —
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Quotations}

\verb== is used for single quotation start ().\
\verb=’= is used for single quotation end (‘).\
\verb== is used for double quotation start ().\
\verb=”= is used for double quotation end (“).

\subsubsection{Putting Quotation in a Quotation}

\verb=\,`Ah!`\, She said= produces ``,,`Ah!’,,‘’ She said

\subsection{Commenting}

\verb=%= is used for commenting. Latex ignore all character after \verb=%= to the end of the line. Also ignores space in the beginig of the next line.

\section{\LaTeX Commands List}

\begin{itemize}
\item\verb=\documentclass[]{}= — To specify document type. Arguments can be book, article, report etc. Options\footnote{Options are specified inside the square brackets} are:

    \begin{enumerate}
        \item 11pt --- 10\% larger than 10pt.
        \item 12pt --- 20\% larger than 10pt.
        \item twoside --- to print in both sides.
        \item twocolumn --- two column in a single page.
    \end{enumerate}

    \item\verb=\usepackage{}= --- To use external packages.
    \item\verb=\title{}= --- To specify document title.
    \item\verb=\author{}= --- To specify documnet author. Multiple authors cab be specified using \verb=\and= command.
    \item\verb=\begin{}= --- To begin any block. like \verb=\begin{document}= to begin any document, \verb=\begin{quote}= begins a long quotation, \verb=\begin{math}=begins a math block etc.
    \item\verb=\end{}= --- ends any block that begins with \verb=\begin{}=
            \item Argument of \verb=\begin= and \verb=\end= are called environments. They create different display environments. Every declaration or command can be environment like \verb=\emph= can also be written as environment like \verb=\begin{emph}= ... \verb=\end{emph}= Here is a list of different environments:

        \begin{description}
            \item[document] Document environment.
            \item[quote] Shor quotation environment.
            \item[quotation] Long quotation environment.
            \item[itemize] Unordered list environment.
            \item[enumerate] Ordered list environment.
            \item[description] Description list environment like this one.
            \item[displaymath] Display math equations in separate line but without equation number.
            \item[equation] Displayequation in separate line with equation number for further referance.
        \end{description}

    \item\verb=\maketitle= --- To create title. It must be inside \verb=\begin{document}=.
    \item\verb=\part= --- Create parts of a document. Doesn't effect documnet numbering.
    \item\verb=\chapter= ---- Create chapters. No applicable for article document class.
    \item\verb=\section= --- Specify a section.
    \item\verb=\subsection= --- Specify a sub-section of a section.
    \item\verb=\subsubsection= --- Specify a sub-section of a sub-section.
    \item\verb=\appendix= --- Specify an appendix.
    \item\verb={}= --- Curly braces can be used for defining scope. Example --- Input: \verb=Hello, {\em aagontuk}= Output: Hello, {\em aagontuk}
    \item\verb=\today= --- Current date \today
    \item\verb=\TeX= --- Shows \TeX
    \item\verb=\LaTeX= --- Shows \LaTeX
    \item\verb=\ldots= --- Produces  \ldots
    \item\verb=\emph{}= --- To emphasize text. Example: I will \emph{emphasize} it.
    \item\verb=\mbox{TEXT}= --- Never breaks TEXT.\ 
    \item\verb=\footnote{footnote}= --- To create a footnote. Example: Footnote\footnote{Please find the foornote here}
    \item\verb=\\= --- New line.
    \item\verb=\\*= --- New line but prevents a new page.
    \item\verb=\newline= --- New line.
    \item\verb=\hfill \break= --- New line.
    \item\verb=\newpage= --- New Page.
    \item\verb=\hspace{xmm}= --- x mm horizontal space.
    \item\verb=\vspace{xmm}= --- x mm vertical space.

\end{itemize}

\section{Useful Tricks}

\subsection{Centered section header without number}

In latex usually section are left aligned and numbered.
If a starred version of the section command is used
it doesn’t generate number. To make the section header
center aligned `sectsty’ package can be used.

\begin{pygmented}[lang=tex]
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\sectionfont{\centering}

\begin{document}
\section*{Statement of Purpose}
\end{document}
\end{pygmented}

\end{document}